Undoubtfully, Edward Said was the one of the most important thinker of late 20th and early 21st centuries. His main contributions generally accumulate on the analysis of orientalism. In his book, the Orientalism, he tries to answer questions related to that analysis, for example why the West needs to analyse, or let’s say inspect, the…

Untitled work by Barbara Kruger (1987). Source In his work consisted his collection of notes, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Karl Marx explains how labour estranged in capitalist system, how that effects people dramatically, and how this alienation can be annulled (or abolished). In my essay, I would like to clarify what kind of…

A photo of Friedrich August von Hayek (N.D.). Source Friedrich August von Hayek, Austrian economist who lived in the 20th century, was one of the most annotated intellectual wrote his ideas mainly related to the classical liberal school. He critiqued various thinkers, from range to contractarians to socialists. He had ideas not only about economics, but…

Cover of the book named "Alienation and Emancipation in the Work of Karl Marx (Marx, Engels, and Marxisms) ", written by George C. Comninel. Source: goodreads.com Karl Marx, who was a philosopher lived in the 19th century, has influenced the whole political, economic and sociological theories with his ideas stemmed from his historical materialism approach on…

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel delivering a lecture at the Berlin University in 1828 (sketch after nature and lithograph by Franz Kugler). Source: Wikipedia In his book, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Hegel (1991) articulates three stages of the movement of the Idea (or the Spirit); the Family, the Civil Society and the State. State resembles…

The Portrait of Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel by Jakob Schlesinger (1831). Source: Wikipedia G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher who lived between late-18th and early-19th century, has affected Western Philosophy with his major contribution of the system of thought, the Dialectic. If we read Hegelian philosophy and the Dialectic, we can understand that he was…

A sketch from Harry Shearer on John Stuart Mill’s Harm Principle, made by Cognitive for BBC. Source In Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell’s dystopian novel, there is a society ruled by a totalitarian party regime headed by “The Big Brother”, and every individual is screened by the government. With this massive monitoring, the government detects who thinks against…

Cartoon sketched by Kevin Moore, at mooretoons.com In this article, my aim is to clarify Max Weber’s ideas on instrumental rationalization of bureaucracies and transformation of ‘iron cages’. Furthermore, for accurate understanding, I will try to conclude several criticisms of Weber’s theory. First mart of my essay includes definition of the given proposition and second…